How do power windows operate according to the service consultants?

Power windows primarily operate using bi-directional permanent magnet motors. These motors are specifically designed to provide the necessary torque and reversible motion to raise and lower the window glass in a controlled manner. As the switch is activated, the polarity of the voltage supplied to the motor is reversed, allowing it to turn in either direction, enabling the window to move up or down as needed.

This method is efficient and widely used in modern vehicles since it delivers reliable performance with minimal maintenance requirements. Electric actuators are also a component in power window systems, but they generally refer to the overall mechanism that includes the motor and gearing systems, rather than the specific motor type itself.

Bi-directional solenoids are typically found in different applications, like locking mechanisms or some types of door latches, but they are not suitable for the smooth and controlled operation of power windows. Hydraulic systems are less common in this context, as they would add complexity and weight, making them impractical for such an application.

Thus, the use of bi-directional permanent magnet motors for power windows highlights the efficiency and functionality of electrical systems in modern automotive design.